The basic components of a CNC machine tool include the machining program carrier, the CNC control, the servo drive, the main body of the machine tool and other auxiliary devices. The basic operating principles of each component are summarized below.

Processing program carrier

CNC machine tools work, do not require workers to operate the machine tool directly, to control the CNC machine tool, you must prepare the machining program. Parts machining program, including the machine tool and the relative motion of the workpiece trajectory, process parameters (feed spindle speed, etc.) and auxiliary movements. The parts machining program in a certain format and code, stored in a program carrier, such as perforated paper tape, cassette tape, floppy disk, etc., through the input device of the CNC machine tool, the program information input to the CNC unit.

CNC Unit

The CNC unit is the core of the CNC machine tool. Modern CNC devices are used in the form of CNC (Computer Numerical Control), this CNC device generally use multiple microprocessors to program the form of software to achieve numerical control functions, and therefore also known as software numerical control (Software NC). CNC system is a position control system, which is interpolated according to the input data to create the ideal trajectory of the movement, and then output to the executive part to machine the desired trajectory. Then output to the executive part to process the required parts. Therefore, the CNC device is mainly composed of three basic parts: input, processing and output. And all these work by the computer system program for reasonable organization, so that the whole system coordinated work.

1) Input device: CNC instructions will be input to the CNC device, according to the different program carriers, there are different input devices accordingly. Mainly keyboard input, disk input, CAD / CAM system direct communication mode input and connection to the parent computer DNC (Direct Numerical Control) input, there are still a lot of systems are still retained in the form of photoelectric readers of the paper tape input.

(1) paper tape input mode. Available paper tape photoelectric reader read parts program, direct control of machine movement, you can also read the contents of the paper tape into the memory, with the parts program stored in the memory to control the machine movement.

(2) MDI manual data input method. The operator can use the keyboard on the operating panel to enter the instructions of the machining program, which is suitable for relatively short programs.